Let G be an arbitrary group. We show that if the Fitting subgroup of G is nilpotent then it is definable. We prove also that the class of groups whose Fitting subgroup is nilpotent of class at most n is elementary. We give an example of a group whose Fitting subgroup is definable but not nilpotent. Similar results for the soluble radical are given; that is for the subgroup generated by all normal soluble subgroups of G.

We prove that a nonabelian superstable CSA-group has an infinite definable simple subgroup all of whose proper definable subgroups are abelian. This imply in particular that the existence of nonabelian CSA-group of finite Morley rank is equivalent to the existence of a simple bad group all whose definable proper subgroups are abelian. We give a new proof of a result of Mustafin and Poizat [E. Mustafin, B. Poizat, Sous-groupes superstables de SL2 ] which states that a superstable model of the (...) universal theory of nonabelian free groups is abelian. We deduce also that a superstable torsion-free hyperbolic group is cyclic. We close the paper by showing that an existentially closed CSA*-group is not superstable. (shrink)

Given a pseudovariety [MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C], it is proved that a residually-[MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C] superstable group G has a finite seriesG0 ⊴ G1 ⊴ · · · ⊴ Gn = Gsuch that G0 is solvable and each factor Gi +1/Gi is in [MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C] . In particular, a residually finite superstable group is solvable-by-finite, and if it is ω -stable, then it is nilpotent-by-finite. Given a finitely generated group G, we show that if G is ω (...) -stable and satisfies some residual properties , then G is finite. (shrink)

The main result is that for every recursively enumerable existential consistent theory Γ , there exists a finitely presented SQ-universal group H such that Γ is satisfied in every nontrivial quotient of H. Furthermore if Γ is satisfied in some group with a soluble word problem, then H can be taken with a soluble word problem. We characterize the finitely generated groups with soluble word problem as the finitely generated groups G for which there exists a finitely presented group H (...) all of the nontrivial quotients of which embed G. We prove also that for every countable group G, there exists a 2-finitely generated SQ-universal group H such that every nontrivial quotient of H embeds G. (shrink)

The market relationships are being contested. This can be seen in the increasing number of alternative social experiments in the ‘North’ and the ‘South’ which propose to think out the present market relationships in a different way, in particular in establishing exchange value and in facilitating access to trade. These practical alternatives are supported by trends in academic circles that over the past three decades have opposed neoliberal capitalism and individualism in today's commercialised society. Calling for greater solidarity and social (...) justice in economic relationships, in particular, partisans of social and solidarity economics, identifying with these trends, demand new forms of exchange. The objective of this article is to re-examine these demands. What exactly do the SSE mean by ‘solidarity’ and ‘solidarity-based economy'? We would like to trace the contours of this theoretical and political project and to assess the practicability of the proposed alternative to neoliberal capitalism. (shrink)

Self‐management is often presented as a panacea for chronic disease care. It plays an important role at the policy level and increasingly guides the delivery of health care services. Self‐management approaches to care are founded on traditional individualistic views of autonomy in which the patient is understood as being independent, rational, self‐interested, and self‐governing. This conceptualization of autonomy has been challenged, particularly by feminist scholars. In this paper I review predominant critiques of self‐management and the traditional individualistic view of autonomy. (...) I propose that a relational approach to autonomy, which is premised on social embeddedness and attends to social, political, and material conditions, is a more sound conception of autonomy capable of taking into consideration the complexities of illness experiences. I suggest that integrating a relational perspective of autonomy into self‐management will be valuable in guiding its progression and elaborate ways in which self‐management research and practice could benefit from incorporating a relational approach to autonomy. (shrink)

We show that each of Δ13-CA0 + Σ13-IND and Π12-CA0 + Π13-TI proves Δ03-Det and that neither Σ31-IND nor Π13-TI can be dropped. We also show that neither Δ13-CA0 + Σ1∞-IND nor Π12-CA0 + Π1∞-TI proves Σ03-Det. Moreover, we prove that none of Δ21-CA0, Σ31-IND and Π21-TI is provable in Δ11-Det0 = ACA0 + Δ11-Det.

We show that each of $\Delta _{3}^{1}-{\rm CA}_{0}+\Sigma _{3}^{1}-{\rm IND}$ and $\Pi _{2}^{1}-{\rm CA}_{0}+\Pi _{3}^{1}-{\rm TI}$ proves $\Delta _{3}^{0}-{\rm Det}$ and that neither $\Sigma _{3}^{1}-{\rm IND}$ nor $\Pi _{3}^{1}-{\rm TI}$ can be dropped. We also show that neither $\Delta _{3}^{1}-{\rm CA}_{0}+\Sigma _{\infty}^{1}-{\rm IND}$ nor $\Pi _{2}^{1}-{\rm CA}_{0}+\Pi _{\infty}^{1}-{\rm TI}$ proves $\Sigma _{3}^{0}-{\rm Det}$. Moreover, we prove that none of $\Delta _{2}^{1}-{\rm CA}_{0}$, $\Sigma _{3}^{1}-{\rm IND}$ and $\Pi _{2}^{1}-{\rm TI}$ is provable in $\Delta _{1}^{1}-{\rm Det}_{0}={\rm ACA}_{0}+\Delta _{1}^{1}-{\rm Det}$.

[fr] La présente étude a pour but de contribuer, par l´examen des textes du dīwān du plus ancien poète populaire mauritanien connu, Saddūm Wuld Nd̆aṛtu, à identifier le vocabulaire ancien et à en expliquer la signification. Nous interrogeons ce dīwān en tant qu´ unique témoin conservé de l´époque de l´auteur (18ème siècle) pour qu´il nous aide à identifier dans ses poèmes les mots anciens qui sont depuis longtemps tombés en désuétude et sont aujourd´hui considérés comme des archaïsmes, des termes étranges (...) ou peu familiers à la plupart des locuteurs ou à tous. L´étude comprend, d´une part une description du contexte historique dans lequel vivait le poète et, d´autre part, une brève présentation du contenu du dīwān, avant d´aborder le sujet principal, à savoir le vocabulaire ancien du ḥassāniyya contenu dans l´ouvrage. Quant aux caractéristiques communes de ce vocabulaire, il convient de noter l´abondance de termes issus du champ lexical de la guerre (batailles, armes, chevaux, etc.). (shrink)

Scholars have mostly analyzed information from mental health practitioners, attorneys, and institutions to critique mental health practices in the War on Terror. These sources offer limited insights into the suffering of detainees. Detainee accounts provide novel information based on their experiences at Guantánamo. Mohamedou Ould Slahi’s Guantánamo Diary is the only text from a current detainee that provides a first-person account of his interrogations and interactions with health professionals. Despite being advertised as a diary, however, it has undergone redaction (...) from American government officials. This article examines Slahi’s account of his interrogations and representations of mental health at Guantánamo and considers its role within the narrative function of the nation. At stake is the right of detainees to narrate, scholars to critique medical practices in the War on Terror, and the nation’s attempts to control its narration. (shrink)

А necessary and sllmcient condilion that а given proposition (о Ье provable in such а theory that allows (о Ье assigned to the proposition а Gödеl пunbег fог containing Реanо arithmetic is that Gödеl number itself. This is tlle sense о[ Martin LöЬ's theorem (1955). Now wе сan рut several philosophpllical questions. Is the Gödеl numbег of а propositional formula necessarily finite or onthe contrary? What would the Gödel number of а theorem be containing Реanо arithmetic itself? That is the (...) case of the so-called first incolnpleteness theorem (Gбdеl 1931). What would the Gödеl питЬег of а self-referential statement be? What w'ould the Gödеl пumbег оГ such а proposition Ье (its Реanо arithmetic expression after encoding contains itself as ап operand)? What is the Gödеl numbег оГ Gödеl's proposition [R(q); q] that states its ргоper imргоvаbility? It is the key statement for his proving of the first incompleteness theorem. Is Реапо arithmetic available in it (ог in the ones similar to it) as а single symbol, Ьу which actual infinity would bе introduced, ог as а constructively infinite set of primary signs? Jn fact, the Gödel number оГ the first incompleteness theorem should Ье infinite in that last case. If the Gödеl number of а statement is infinite, then сап it bе accepted as а theorem? What would the Gбdеl numbeг of its negation bе? Is the infinite Gбdеl numbeг of а statement equivalent to its irresolvability? Respectively, is Ihe following statement valid: irresolvable pгopositions with finite Gбdеl numbers (еуеп in anу encoding) do поl exist? (shrink)

Abstract: I argue that Orientalism continues to construct Arabs as subjects that cannot suffer violence, particularly the violence of torture. Beginning with Edward Said’s observation that Orientalists constructed ‘Arabs’ in the nineteenth -century as inorganic, metallic, and mineralized beings, I trace these themes through various sites in and around Guantanamo Bay. One finds the tropes of Orientalism in the Bybee memo as well as in the diary of Mohamedou Ould Slahi. Through these three distinct but related moments, one finds (...) that Orientalism continues to produce Arabs as inorganic entities beyond death and thereby immune to violence and specifically the violence of torture. Insofar as imperialism has co-opted the language of non-violence by constructing its enemies as inviolable, one must recognize the Orientalized Arab as a receptor of limitless ‘non - violent’ hostilities. (shrink)

In a general context of increasing complexity of the ethical issues inherent in health practices, health professionals and specifically nurses find themselves forced to follow these changes in terms of skills development and ethical empowerment. Therefore, training practices are called upon to be revisited with the aim of developing ethical action. The research is based on this hypothesis : within the framework of ethics training, nurses who benefit from education based on the activity analysis centered on the schemes that govern (...) ethical behaviors would see an increase in their level of self-efficacy linked to ethical behaviors. This results presented in this study ould make several contributions to educational practices and serve the training and specifically the education of nurses in health ethics. (shrink)

The eme r gence of the concept of pr o g ress is cu r rent l y associated with th e Enlightenment o r , going som e w hat further back, with the que r elle des anciens et des modernes in the 1 7 t h centu r y . Y et the notion of pr o g ress can be traced back to a signi f icant l y earlier period: the foundations of a possi b (...) le Christian pr o g ress i vism w ere, in m y opinion, laid b y St. Augustine; this ess a y e xplores its guidelines. J . G. Herde r ' s reaction a g ainst the notion of pr o g ress proposed b y the Enlightenment possesses also a Christian inspiration. While Enlightened pr o g ress i vism conce i v es past cultures as o v ercoming steps in a rising staircase, Herde r , in turn, claims that each of them amounted to a "self-centered sphere" and w as therefore v alua b le in its o wn right. The sense of the e xistence of past generations cannot lie in p a ving the w a y for future ful f illment as this w ould be incompati b le with d i vine l o v e, w hich estimates each of its creatures in its o wn right, as an unrepeata b le ind i vidual. In contrast to Enlightened a r r o g ance (contempt for the "obscurantist" past), Herder presents a "democratic" vi e w of History within w hich all epochs h a v e the same v alue. (shrink)

In this paper I attempt to o f fer a concept of discretion and to an a l yse the forms of control that can be e x ercised in this matte r . F rom the concept of l e g al ce r taint y , w e can obse r v e h o w discretion eme r ges in those cases that are e n visaged b y the norms and in the so called hard cases. (...) F requent l y it is maintained h o w e v e r , that, the on l y limit on discretion can be found in arbitrariness and that, apa r t from that, a n y decision w ould be co r rect. This could result in e xcluding discretiona r y decisions from l e gal control. A g ainst this opinion, there are authors that think that l e gal control of discretionary decisions is possi b le because th e y defend the e xistence of on l y one co r rect an sw e r . Other authors reject the e xistence of on l y one co r rect an sw er or the possibility of f inding it. N e v er theless, e v en accepting that there are some aspects of discretiona r y decisions that do not der i ve from l e gal no r ms bu t from personal preferences, those preferences must be coherent with some theo r y that contains no r mat i v e l y co r rect criteria. These criteria must be as coherent as possi b le with the dominant system of v alues in the socie t y. (shrink)

An d rew Ku per begins his cri ti que of my vi ews on poverty by accepti n g the crux of my moral argument: The interests of all persons ought to count equally, and geographic location and citizenship m a ke no intrinsic differen ce to the ri gh t s and obl i ga ti ons of i n d ivi du a l s . Ku per also sets out some key facts about global poverty, for (...) example, that 30,000 children die every day from preventable illness and starvation, while most people in devel oped nati on s have plenty of disposable income that they s pend on lu x u ries and items that sati s f y mere wants, not basic needs. Yet after summarizing an essay I wrote for the New York Times Magazine in which I argued that the avera ge Am erican family should don a te a l a r ge porti on of t h eir income to or ga n i z ati ons like UNICEF and Ox f a m , Ku per wri te s : “ But if Si n ger ’s ex h ort a ti ons make you want to act immediately in the ways he recom m en d s , you s h ould not do so.” Why not? Because the approach I advoc a te “would seriously harm the poor.” These are strong words. It is startling to be told that a substantial transfer of resources from comfortably-off American families to UNICEF or Oxfam would harm the poor. What abo ut those 3 0,0 0 0 ch i l d ren dyi n g from preventable illness and starvation? In its 2001 fund-raising material,the U.S. Committee for UNICEF says that a donation of $17 will provide immunization “to protect a child for life against the six leading ch i l d - killing and maiming diseases:measles,polio. (shrink)